Senin, 18 April 2011
The Role of Adaptive Environmental Management in Sustainable Development Case Study Assessing the Economical Benefits of Sustainable Construction in Greece
by : Odysseus G. Manoliadis
(Published by : ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES: New Developments, 2008)
1. Introduction
Recent public awareness of resources and its competing and conflicting use has prompted the sustainable development as a desired goal in the decision making process. The need for new approaches to sustainable management such as adaptive environmental management arises from the relatively new demands posed by the concept of sustainable development.
The importance of information, integration and participation are necessary since science has changed to involve people more closely in research and development. Particular attention is paid to the challenges being posed for science as it seeks to more explicitly deal with the human dimension of sustainable management. The potential for adaptive management as an approach to more closely link research with management and policy is examined.
Effective collaborative management requires different stakeholders associated with environmental problems to develop and enact solutions co-operatively, as opposed to acting as advocates purely in their own interest. However, because environmental issues are generally characterised by conflicting social perceptions, it is often difficult to ensure adequate stakeholder participation in developing and managing information to support collaborative decision making and subsequent change ‘on-the-ground’. Everything has been said about development, but almost everything remains to be said and therefore to be explored or rediscovered, because incontestably, almost everything remains to be done. (Cosmao. 1984) Sustainable management issues continually change over time in response to co-evolving social, economic and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems.
This research represents an inquiry into how an adaptive management that supports the concept of sustainable development can be initiated and implemented in complex, regional or large-scale contexts. An action research inquiry process is used to find improved ways of managing collaborative or multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management, and to develop an integrated information framework to underpin subsequent decision making. The research involves one main case study economic assessment of sustainable construction.
Recent public awareness of resources and its competing and conflicting use has prompted the sustainable development as a desired goal in the decision making process. The need for new approaches to sustainable management such as adaptive environmental management arises from the relatively new demands posed by the concept of sustainable development.
The importance of information, integration and participation are necessary since science has changed to involve people more closely in research and development. Particular attention is paid to the challenges being posed for science as it seeks to more explicitly deal with the human dimension of sustainable management. The potential for adaptive management as an approach to more closely link research with management and policy is examined.
Effective collaborative management requires different stakeholders associated with environmental problems to develop and enact solutions co-operatively, as opposed to acting as advocates purely in their own interest. However, because environmental issues are generally characterised by conflicting social perceptions, it is often difficult to ensure adequate stakeholder participation in developing and managing information to support collaborative decision making and subsequent change ‘on-the-ground’. Everything has been said about development, but almost everything remains to be said and therefore to be explored or rediscovered, because incontestably, almost everything remains to be done. (Cosmao. 1984) Sustainable management issues continually change over time in response to co-evolving social, economic and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems.
This research represents an inquiry into how an adaptive management that supports the concept of sustainable development can be initiated and implemented in complex, regional or large-scale contexts. An action research inquiry process is used to find improved ways of managing collaborative or multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management, and to develop an integrated information framework to underpin subsequent decision making. The research involves one main case study economic assessment of sustainable construction.
The main case study around which this research began with a research and development initiative in 2007 to address the problem of the economical benefits of sustainable construction in Greece (Manoliadis and Vatalis 2007). Consistent with an action research process, . . . . . . ..(baca_selengkapnya)
Artikel lengkap dikompilasi oleh/hubungi :
e-mail ke : kana_ati@yahoo.com atau kanaidi@poltekpos.ac.id
Perlu Artikel lain ?, click di:
Developing a risk assessment model for PPP projects in China — A fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach
By : Yelin Xu, John F.Y. Yeung
(Published by : Elsavier Journal of Automation in Construction 19 (2010) 929–943)
a b s t r a c t
Earlier research works on PPP showed that an objective, reliable, and practical risk assessment model for PPP projects is essential to the successful implementation of PPP projects. However, actual empirical research studies in this research area are rather limited. This paper reports the second stage of a funded research study, which aims to develop a fuzzy synthetic evaluation model for assessing the risk level of a particular critical risk group (CRG) and the overall risk level associated with PPP projects in China. At the first research stage, thirty-four risk factors were identified through a comprehensive literature review and 3 new risk factors were proposed during a two-round Delphi questionnaire survey. The most critical 17 risk factors were selected through the calculation of normalized values. The correlation of these 17 critical risk factors (CRFs) was further analyzed via factor analysis and 6 CRGs were formulated, namely: (1) Macroeconomic Risk; (2) Construction and Operation Risk; (3) Government Maturity Risk; (4) Market Environment Risk; (5) Economic Viability Risk; and (6) Government Intervention. On the basis of the research works conducted at the first research stage, the weightings for each of the 17 critical risk factors (CRFs) and 6 CRGs were determined through the two-round Delphi questionnaire survey. A set of knowledge-based fuzzy inference rules was then established to set up the membership function for the 17 CRFs and 6 CRGs. The empirical research findings showed that the overall risk level of PPP highway projects is between “moderate risk” and “high risk”. Hence it could be construed that investment in PPP highway projects in China may be considered as risky. In fact, the Delphi survey respondents perceived that “Government Intervention” is the most CRG; with “Government Maturity Risk” being the second; “Economic Viability Risk” the third; “Market Environment Risk” the fourth; “Construction and Operation Risk” the fifth; and “Macroeconomic Risk” the last. These findings revealed that government intervention and corruption may be the major hurdles to the success of PPP highway projects in China. These may be caused by inadequate law and supervision system and poor public decision-making process. Although the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was primarily developed for PPP projects in general, the research method could be replicated in a specific type of PPP project, such as water treatment projects and hospital projects, to produce similar models for inter-type comparisons. By doing so, it provides an opportunity for practitioners to assess the risk level of different types of PPP projects based on objective evidence rather than subjective judgment. The most CRG for different types of PPP projects could be identified and both precautionary and remedial actions could be taken as soon as possible. Such an extension would provide a deeper understanding of managing different types of PPP projects.
1. Introduction
With the rapid growth of economic development of China, PPP is well received and widely adopted by the government to procure public infrastructure via private financing, including transport, water, electrical power, telecommunications, and sport facilities' projects [1]. Projects such as the “Bird's Nest” (National Stadium, Beijing) and Beijing Metro Line 4 (BJL4) are two examples of renowned PPP projects in China. Nevertheless, when compared with developed countries, the growth of PPP's in China is still in infancy. Some privately financed projects have been reported as unsuccessful [2]. Earlier research studies on PPP indicated that an objective, reliable and practical risk assessment model for PPP projects is necessary for the success of PPP projects [3–6]. Salman et al. [7] introduced a .............(baca_selengkapnya)
Artikel lengkap dikompilasi oleh/hubungi :
e-mail ke : kana_ati@yahoo.com atau kanaidi@poltekpos.ac.id
Perlu Artikel lain ?, click di:
Peran Sektor Informal Terhadap Perekonomian Daerah : Pendekatan DELPHI-IO dan Aplikasinya
Oleh : Tri Widodo
(Publikasi pada : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia, Vol.21 No.3, 2006 hal : 254-267)
Artikel lengkap dikompilasi oleh/hubungi :
e-mail ke : kana_ati@yahoo.com atau kanaidi@poltekpos.ac.id
Perlu Artikel lain ?, click di:
- Jurnal Business & Marketing
- Jurnal Manajemen Sdm
- Daftar-Judul-Hasil-PENELITIAN-Relevan
- Jurnal Kualitas Jasa (Servqual)
- Jurnal Loyalitas Pelanggan (Loyalty)
- Jurnal Corporate Image
The Delphi Method for Graduate Research
(Published by : Journal of Information Technology Education, Volume 6, 2007)
Introduction
The Classical Delphi
It continues to be an exciting time to be a researcher in the information systems discipline; there seems to be a plethora of interesting and pressing research topics suitable for research at the masters or PhD level. Researchers may want to look forward to see what will be the key information systems issues in a wireless world, the ethical dilemmas in social network analysis, and the lessons early adopters learn. Practitioners may be interested in what others think about the strengths and weaknesses of an existing information system, or the effectiveness of a newly implemented information system. The Delphi method can help to uncover data in these research directions.
The Delphi method is an iterative process used to collect and distill the judgments of experts using a series of questionnaires interspersed with feedback. The questionnaires are designed to focus on problems, opportunities, solutions, or forecasts. Each subsequent questionnaire is developed based on the results of the previous questionnaire. The process stops when the research question is answered: for example, when consensus is reached, theoretical saturation is achieved, or when sufficient information has been exchanged. The Delphi method has its origins in the American business community, and has since been widely accepted throughout the world in many industry sectors including health care, defense, business, education, information technology, transportation and engineering.
The Delphi method’s flexibility is evident in how it has been used. It is a method for structuring a group communication process to facilitate group problem solving and to structure models (Linstone & Turloff, 1975). The method can also be used as a judgment, decision-aiding or forecasting tool (Rowe & Wright, 1999), and can be applied to program planning and administration (Delbeq, Van de Ven, & Gustafson, 1975). The Delphi method can be used when there is incomplete knowledge about a problem or phenomena (Adler & Ziglio, 1996; Delbeq et al., 1975). The method can be applied to problems that do not lend themselves to precise analytical techniques but rather could benefit from the subjective judgments of individuals on a collective basis (Adler & Ziglio, 1996) and to focus their collective human intelligence on the problem at hand (Linstone & Turloff, 1975). Also, the Delphi is used to investigate what does not yet exist (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 1997; Halal, Kull, & Leffmann, 1997; Skulmoski & Hartman 2002). The Delphi method is a mature and a very adaptable research method used in many research arenas by researchers across the globe. To better understand its diversity in application, one needs to consider the origins of the Delphi method.
The Delphi method is an iterative process used to collect and distill the judgments of experts using a series of questionnaires interspersed with feedback. The questionnaires are designed to focus on problems, opportunities, solutions, or forecasts. Each subsequent questionnaire is developed based on the results of the previous questionnaire. The process stops when the research question is answered: for example, when consensus is reached, theoretical saturation is achieved, or when sufficient information has been exchanged. The Delphi method has its origins in the American business community, and has since been widely accepted throughout the world in many industry sectors including health care, defense, business, education, information technology, transportation and engineering.
The Delphi method’s flexibility is evident in how it has been used. It is a method for structuring a group communication process to facilitate group problem solving and to structure models (Linstone & Turloff, 1975). The method can also be used as a judgment, decision-aiding or forecasting tool (Rowe & Wright, 1999), and can be applied to program planning and administration (Delbeq, Van de Ven, & Gustafson, 1975). The Delphi method can be used when there is incomplete knowledge about a problem or phenomena (Adler & Ziglio, 1996; Delbeq et al., 1975). The method can be applied to problems that do not lend themselves to precise analytical techniques but rather could benefit from the subjective judgments of individuals on a collective basis (Adler & Ziglio, 1996) and to focus their collective human intelligence on the problem at hand (Linstone & Turloff, 1975). Also, the Delphi is used to investigate what does not yet exist (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 1997; Halal, Kull, & Leffmann, 1997; Skulmoski & Hartman 2002). The Delphi method is a mature and a very adaptable research method used in many research arenas by researchers across the globe. To better understand its diversity in application, one needs to consider the origins of the Delphi method.
The Classical Delphi
The original Delphi method was developed by Norman Dalkey of the RAND Corporation in the 1950’s for a U.S. sponsored military project. Dalkey states that the goal of the project was “to solicit expert opinion to the selection, from the point of view of a Soviet strategic planner, of an optimal U.S. industrial target system and to the estimation of the number of A-bombs required to reduce the munitions output by a prescribed amount,” (Dalkey & Helmer, 1963, p. 458). Rowe and Wright (1999) characterize the classical Delphi method by four key features:
1. Anonymity of Delphi participants: allows the participants to freely express their opinions
without undue social pressures to conform from others in the group. Decisions are evaluated
on their merit, rather than who has proposed the idea.
2. Iteration: allows the participants to refine their views in light of the progress of the group’s
work from round to round.
3. Controlled feedback: informs the participants of the other participant’s perspectives, and provides
the opportunity for Delphi participants to clarify or change their views.
4. Statistical aggregation of group response: allows for a quantitative analysis and interpretation
of data.
Some (Rowe & Wright, 1999) suggest that only those studies true to their origins that have the
four characteristics should be classified as Delphi studies, while . . . . . (baca_selengkapnya)
without undue social pressures to conform from others in the group. Decisions are evaluated
on their merit, rather than who has proposed the idea.
2. Iteration: allows the participants to refine their views in light of the progress of the group’s
work from round to round.
3. Controlled feedback: informs the participants of the other participant’s perspectives, and provides
the opportunity for Delphi participants to clarify or change their views.
4. Statistical aggregation of group response: allows for a quantitative analysis and interpretation
of data.
Some (Rowe & Wright, 1999) suggest that only those studies true to their origins that have the
four characteristics should be classified as Delphi studies, while . . . . . (baca_selengkapnya)
Artikel lengkap dikompilasi oleh/hubungi :
e-mail ke : kana_ati@yahoo.com atau kanaidi@poltekpos.ac.id
Perlu Artikel lain ?, click di:
- Jurnal Business & Marketing
- Jurnal Manajemen Sdm
- Daftar-Judul-Hasil-PENELITIAN-Relevan
- Jurnal Kualitas Jasa (Servqual)
- Jurnal Loyalitas Pelanggan (Loyalty)
- Jurnal Corporate Image
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)